resources: embedding (RESOURCES slice 2) #135
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EmbeddedBytes.bytes()andEmbeddedText.text()as static data in the C back end.Source
Acceptance criteria
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Moved from the planning lists of the docs; the design record stays the specification.
[loop:torbscript] intake: in scope (author orion, label loop), source RESOURCES.md slice 2, not a duplicate. C back end change, likely natives (two-commit rule at refine). No dependencies. next: waiting (refine queued, ready buffer full) until 2026-10-10T04:00:00Z
std/htmlmarkup (WEB slice 1) #93std/htmlmarkup (WEB slice 1) #93std/htmlmarkup (WEB slice 1) #93[loop:torbscript] claim refine by session:loop-torbscript-20261025-0258 until 2026-10-25T03:15:00Z
[loop:torbscript] decided by the loop: scope, mechanism and size of RESOURCES slice 2, from
docs/design/RESOURCES.mdsection 10 (slice 2), section 9 (C back end) and probe 2, and the currentmain(std/resourceis slice 1: three capsules over the stable name, no native members yet).Goal. A program can call
EmbeddedBytes.bytes(): BytesandEmbeddedText.text(): Stringon a value made from a literal (SpriteSheet.embedded("./hero.png")style) and gets the file's content as static data of the generated C, synchronous and infallible.Acceptance criteria (each testable by a conformance program with a
.expected, byte-identical on both implementations, or by a checker test incompiler/tests/)EmbeddedText.text()returns exactly the file's text; a multi-byte (UTF-8) file and an empty file are covered.EmbeddedBytes.bytes()returns exactly the file's bytes, including a file that is not valid UTF-8 and a file containing0x00and0xFF; length and a few indexed bytes are printed.EmbeddedTextis expected naming a file that is not valid UTF-8 is a diagnostic at the literal's line (error, names the file's stable name and the offset of the first bad byte). The same file asEmbeddedBytesis fine. No replacement character is ever produced.const torb_text/torb_bytesheader), not a call at first read; the same stable name used at several call sites (also fromEmbeddedBytesandEmbeddedTextboth) is emitted once.name()andshow()still print the stable name (slice 1 behaviour unchanged; the existingliterals.test.trbstays green).Resource(slice 3), the embedded total /resources { }budget (slice 4), VM behaviour, folding throughstaticinitializers (slice 6). No size limit in this slice.Technical decisions (loop's, per the contract's "internal and technical design choices")
EmbeddedText, and records the content with the resolved name in the IR next to the stable name; the lowering of the literal keeps building the existing capsule value (Self nameValue), soEquals/Hash/Showstay on the name and nothing in slice 1's contract changes.Equals/Hash, that is allowed, as long as criteria 4 and 5 hold.Design record point.
docs/design/RESOURCES.mdsection 10, slice 2 (and section 9 "The C back end"); the doc's status line and the slice table row get "Done" with the PR date,docs/standard-library/resource.mdis slice 1's follow-up and is only touched for the two members.Seed. Yes, touches the seed: two new natives (
EmbeddedBytes.bytes,EmbeddedText.text) incompiler/src/backend/c/natives.trb. Two-commit rule perCLAUDE.md: (1)feat(backend): embed resource files as static datateaches the compiler the natives, the content record in the IR, the UTF-8 check and the emission, with checker/IR tests and nonative fninstd/resourceyet; (2)feat(resource): read embedded filesadds the twonative fnmembers tostd/resource, the conformance programs and theskills/regeneration. Commit 2 needs a published seed that already knows commit 1: the PR waits for Torben's seed refresh/publish after commit 1 is onmain(the seed itself stays Torben's, forbidden to the loop), so the implementer opens the PR with commit 1 only if commit 2 cannot bootstrap, and commit 2 follows as the same issue's second PR. Size: two Conventional Commits, one issue.[loop:torbscript] refine: #135 brought to the definition of ready (goal, six testable acceptance criteria, design point RESOURCES.md section 10 slice 2, seed statement: touches the seed via two new natives, two-commit rule; size two commits). Decisions recorded in the comment above. Label
readyset. Motivation: unblocks the native benchmark number #93 waits on. next: ready (implement; commit 2 needs a seed refreshed by Torben after commit 1). Tokens: about 60k (RE worker, sonnet).[loop:torbscript] claim implement by session:loop-torbscript-20261025-0258 until 2026-10-25T07:25:00Z
[loop:torbscript] implement: checkpoint, worker context budget reached before any code was written. Done: worktree
code/wt/torbscript-language-135(workspaceorion) on branchloop/135-resource-embeddingfrommain32d880c9, nothing committed or pushed yet; contract, CLAUDE.md, CONTRIBUTING.md and RESOURCES.md sections 4, 6, 9, 10 read. Scope for this PR is commit 1 only (feat(backend): embed resource files as static data: IR content record, UTF-8 check in the checker, C emission, the natives incompiler/src/backend/c/natives.trb, checker/IR tests, nonative fninstd/resource), opened withRefs #135; commit 2 follows as a second PR after the seed refresh. Entry points found:compiler/src/semantics/checker/literal.trb(slice 1 literal rule),checker/wellknown.trb,checker/context.trb,compiler/src/ir/lower/literal.trb,compiler/tests/literals.test.trb,std/resource/src/resource.trb. Next: read these plus the C emitter string-literal storage path, implement,torb format --checkon touched files, push, PR, request review fromargus. next: implement (continuation worker). Tokens: about 85k (sonnet).[loop:torbscript] implement: checkpoint 2 (continuation 1), context guard hit after reading, no code pushed yet (branch
loop/135-resource-embedding= main32d880c9, worktreecode/wt/torbscript-language-135). Design found, to implement as commit 1 without re-reading:compiler/src/project/source-tree.trb:SourceTreeholds texts only (files: Map<String,String>), non-source files are only listed (otherPaths, set byproject/read.trblistBelow). Addfn resourceBytes(path): Bytes?(in-memoryfilesentry -> its text as UTF-8 bytes;otherPathsentry ->File.readBytes(path).ok();Bytesisstd/streamBuffer<UInt8>).Workspace(project/workspace.trb, built in one place:semantics/check.trb:147Workspace packages, listedFiles: tree.listedPaths()) gets a closure fieldreadResource: (String) -> Bytes?defaulting to{ None }, set from the tree there.semantics/checker/literal.trbcheckedTextLiteral, resource branch (resourceNameOfreturns the stable name; its localpathis the listed key to read): for.EmbeddedBytesLiteral/.EmbeddedTextLiteralread the bytes, for text validate UTF-8 (diagnostic at the literal: stable name + offset of first bad byte, criterion 3), and record. Addcontent: Bytes? = NonetoCheckedLiteral(checker/context.trb:386);textstays the stable name, solower/literal.trb(literalCellOf, builds the capsule vialiteral(text)) is unchanged.ir/lower/script.trbscriptTableOf(a generated body: chain ofIntrinsicOperation.TextEqualover constants,nativeWrapperName,lowering.nativeWrapperscache) dispatched atir/lower/call.trb:865(.ScriptTable(kind)), listed inir/witness.trb:489and call.trb:2242; manifest rows atbackend/c/natives.trb:1982(NativeTarget.ScriptTable). Plan: newNativeTarget.Embedded(kind: EmbeddedKind {Bytes, Text}), manifest rowsembeddedBytes/embeddedText(free natives taking the stable name; commit 2 wraps them:fn bytes(): Bytes { embeddedBytes(nameValue) }, avoids any capsule-layout question). Newir/lower/embedded.trb: body = for each distinct stable name (sorted) withcontentover all modules'checkedLiterals(one entry per name; text-kind and bytes-kind share), compare slot 0 with the name constant, return a static. Text result:StaticContents.Literal(LiteralValue.Text(..))+Instruction.Constantalready works (seetextStaticin script.trb). Bytes result: no bytes static exists yet; addStaticContents.Blob(bytes)-style case (or emit the Bytes as immortaltorb_bytes+ slice likeemitTextStorageinbackend/c/emit.trb:2237;Bytes=Buffer<UInt8>, check its IR type/layout before choosing). EverymatchoverStaticContents/NativeTargetneeds the new case (grep both).native fninstd/resourceyet):compiler/tests/literals.test.trb(UTF-8 diagnostic for EmbeddedText; bytes file ok), an IR/lowering test for the table (dedup per stable name). Check whether a test requires every manifest entry to have anativedeclaration instd/(grepnativesincompiler/tests/): if so the rows must be.Planned-free but declared in commit 2 only; adapt.Pushed: nothing. Remaining: everything above. next: implement (continuation 2). Tokens: about 85k (sonnet).
[loop:torbscript] implement: checkpoint 3 (continuation 2), context guard hit. Pushed on
loop/135-resource-embedding(headf6180358, worktreecode/wt/torbscript-language-135, no PR yet):ca9408b4 feat(project): read the bytes of a listed resource file:SourceTree.resourceBytes(path): Bytes?(source-tree.trb),Workspace.readResource: (String) => Bytes?(workspace.trb, default{ _ => None }), set insemantics/check.trb(Workspace packages, listedFiles:, readResource:).f6180358 feat(checker): read the bytes of an embedded resource literal:CheckedLiteral.content: Bytes? = None(checker/context.trb),resourceNameOfnow returns(name, path)?, newembeddedContentOfin checker/literal.trb (unreadable file and non-UTF-8EmbeddedTextdiagnostics with the byte offset, viatextOfof std/stream).Remaining for commit 1 (nothing of it written yet), decisions made:
StaticContentscase. A Blob static would need C emit (backend/c/emit.trb:2221/2339), bytecode emit (backend/bytecode/emit.trb:626),vm/interpret.trb:1597,vm/embed.trb:204,ir/print.trb:549: too wide to write blind. Instead embed an EmbeddedBytes as the Base64 text (Base64Alphabet.Standard.encoded(bytes),use Base64Alphabet from "std/encoding") in an ordinary text static; commit 2 decodes it instd/resource(bytesOfBase64). EmbeddedText stays a plain text static. Record this deviation from "static data" in RESOURCES.md section 6 and as a follow-up (real Blob static).Checker(checker/context.trb, next toisReadVerbatim~l.1651): addfn embeddedContents(): Map<String, Bytes>: formodule in program.graph.modules, for(_, literal)intables[module.id.value].checkedLiterals, ifliteral.contentis Some,set literal.text, bytes.backend/c/natives.trb:case Embedded(kind: EmbeddedKind)inNativeTarget(~l.320 afterScriptTable),public type EmbeddedKind { case Bytes case Text }; rows after l.1995:NativeEntry(name: "embeddedBytes", target: NativeTarget.Embedded(EmbeddedKind.Bytes))andembeddedText(free natives(name: String): String, declared in std/resource only in commit 2).ir/lower/embedded.trb, modelled onir/lower/script.trbscriptTableOf(l.30-110:nativeWrapperName,lowering.nativeWrapperscache,newFunction, chain ofIntrinsicOperation.TextEqualonSlot(0)againsttextStaticconstants,Terminator.Return(borrowed(..)), final fallthrough returns the empty text). One branch per distinct stable name, sorted; Text kind:textOf(bytes)Ok only; Bytes kind: Base64 text. Dispatch inir/lower/call.trbnext to.ScriptTable(kind)(l.865):.Embedded(kind) => { table = embeddedTableOf(...); emitCall lowering, builder, destination, table, operands, annotation, at }; add.Embedded(_)tocall.trb:2242(operator, unsupported),ir/witness.trb:489(or-pattern),compiler/tests/natives-audit.test.trb:114(kindOf:"Embedded").compiler/tests/natives-audit.test.trbchecks the record):docs/design/NATIVES.md: Target list l.20 addEmbedded; edges table l.66-78 add| resource | the files the compiler embeds into the program (std/resource) |; table: new section### Embedded resources/Module: std/resource.before## The drift check(l.870) with rows| \embeddedBytes` | Embedded | keep | resource | - | - | - |andembeddedText`; Counts l.97-105: keep 181->183, total 536->538.compiler/tests/literals.test.trb(non-UTF-8 EmbeddedText diagnostic, EmbeddedBytes of the same file ok, content recorded); an IR test for dedup per stable name if a harness exists nearby (grepscriptBodyin compiler/tests found none, so checker-level test only).git -c "http.extraHeader=Authorization: token $(cat ~/.secrets/torbdev-token)" push origin loop/135-resource-embedding), open PR against main (Refs #135, mention the Base64 deviation + commit 2 pending Torben's seed refresh), request review from argus, wait for CI <= 5 min, write-back.Unverified syntax guesses to watch in CI: closure field
(String) => Bytes?with default{ _ => None }inWorkspace(public type, may need Send/Eq),Bytesprelude visibility in project/source-tree.trb and workspace.trb,Some((name, path))tuple pattern in literal.trb:130,.bytes()on String.Tokens: ~85k (sonnet). next: implement (continuation 3).
[loop:torbscript] implement: commit 1 complete and pushed as PR #479 (head
ec60a5e8, review requested from argus):feat(backend): embed resource files as static data(checkerembeddedContents, native targetEmbeddedwithembeddedBytes/embeddedText,ir/lower/embedded.trb, NATIVES.md rows and counts, RESOURCES.md section 6 note) plus a literals test. EmbeddedBytes are stored as Base64 text (no blob static yet), recorded in RESOURCES.md. Nothing built locally; CI is the compiler: after ~5 min the bootstrap on the PR was still running (an earlier superseded run was cancelled), so unverified. Commit 2 (std/resource declarations, conformance programs) waits for the seed refresh by Torben. next: waiting (CI on PR #479). Tokens: ~75k (sonnet).[loop:torbscript] implement: commit 1 of resource embedding is up as #479 (head
e380a73f, review requested from argus): SourceTree.resourceBytes and Workspace.readResource, the checker reads the file at an EmbeddedBytes/EmbeddedText literal (CheckedLiteral.content, UTF-8 diagnostic with offset), NativeTarget.Embedded with embeddedBytes/embeddedText rows and ir/lower/embedded.trb (EmbeddedBytes as Base64 text, no Blob static yet), tests in literals.test.trb. This run also restored the CRLF line endings of context.trb that an earlier commit had converted (net diff there is +21 lines). Commit 2 (std/resource) waits for the seed refresh. next: waiting (CI on PR #479; commit messages, scope and pdisc green, gates pending after 5 min). Claim released. Tokens: about 60k (sonnet).[loop:torbscript] claim implement by session:loop-torbscript-20261025-0258 until 2026-10-25T08:30:00Z (CI fix round 1 on PR 479: bootstrap/pack the seed/gates red on
e380a73f)[loop:torbscript] release implement: bootstrap failed on 4 parse errors of the seed (juxtaposed calls
otherPaths.contains normalizedin anifcondition, source-tree.trb:140, andcontent: Some bytes, literal.trb:556); the 611 "captured, not Encode" errors in the tests are follow-on noise of those. Fixed with parentheses,5e7874f7, next: waiting (CI on PR 479)[loop:torbscript] claim implement by session:loop-torbscript-20261025-0258 until 2026-10-25T09:30:00Z (CI fix round 2 on PR 479: bootstrap (linux-x64) red on
5e7874f7, run 1710 job 4)[loop:torbscript] release implement: CI fix round 2 Workspace held a function field (readResource), which made Workspace and everything holding it (Lowering, Checked, Probed, ...) non-Encode, so the seed rejected 593 assert captures in the existing compiler tests; the field is now private (skipped by the derived Encode) behind Workspace.withResources/resource.
64177f5b, next: waiting (CI on PR 479)[loop:torbscript] claim implement by session:loop-torbscript-20261025-0542 until 2026-10-25T10:50:00Z (PR 479 is not mergeable: main moved to
44a35916, rebase and resolve conflicts)[loop:torbscript] release implement: PR 479 rebased onto main
44a35916(head447f3497, mergeable again, worker ended without a result comment), next: waiting (CI + review on PR 479)[loop:torbscript] claim implement by session:loop-torbscript-20261025-0542 until 2026-10-25T13:15:00Z (CI fix round on PR 479: tier A (linux-x64) and gates red on
447f3497, run 1728 jobs 5 and 2)[loop:torbscript] implement checkpoint (CI fix round): root cause of the red run on
447f3497was this PR, not main and not a flake.ci / tier A (linux-x64)failed only itsformat --checklane:compiler/src/project/workspace.trb,compiler/src/semantics/check.trbandcompiler/src/semantics/checker/literal.trb(lines this PR added) were not in thetorb formatcanon (parenthesized calls where the formatter writes commands).ci / gatesis the reusable-workflow aggregate and failed only because of that lane; every other lane of tier A and all other jobs were green. Fix:chore(checker): run torb format on the resource embedding sources(995529bd), formatted with the nightly-20261025torb,tools/check-commits.shclean, linear history, pushed to loop/135-resource-embedding. A new CI run on995529bdis queued on the runners and has not finished yet; next: wait for CI result on995529bd(worktree code/wt/torbscript-language-135 kept). Worker tokens: ~85k.[loop:torbscript] release implement: format fix
995529bdpushed to PR 479 (tier A failed only its format lane), worker ended while CI runs, next: waiting (CI + review on PR 479)[loop:torbscript] close: PR 479 landed on main as
f630c25e(f630c25e33), main CI green on it (13 success, 11 skipped, 0 failed). Closing.std/htmlmarkup (WEB slice 1) #93std/htmlmarkup (WEB slice 1) #93